Moro Voices from Mindanao: Addressing extremism in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region

Abstract

This article investigates community perceptions of violent and hateful extremism (VHE) in three municipalities near Marawi City in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), and their proposed solutions for peace. Data from 41 focus group discussions highlight local understandings of and concerns about extremism, and grassroots peacebuilding strategies in a region with a complex conflict history. The discussions reveal insights into how socio-economic disparities, historical grievances, and cultural dynamics including rido (clan feuds), shape local experiences and perceptions of VHE. Participant remarks regarding inclusion and tolerance show an interest in increasing gender awareness and integration of marginalised groups. At the same time, however, programs expressly described in terms of preventing violent extremism tend to trigger anxious responses. Findings emphasise the importance of culturally sensitive, inclusive, and community-driven approaches to effectively address the underlying causes of extremism and promote sustainable peace, with a focus on livelihoods and incomes, and educational programs. Legitimate concerns about the risks involved in explicitly seeking to counter VHE reinforce the importance of extremely careful approaches, to avoid exacerbating very real threats. The study enriches understanding of community resilience in a conflict setting and provides important insights into how best to support peace efforts in BARMM’s ongoing reconstruction and reconciliation processes.